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Wich way bangladesh should be there Waste Management
Wastes: are any unwanted or discarded material from residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural activities that may cause environmental problems.
# Every human activity generates waste.
# Even the simple act of eating results in one of the most challenging waste problems of modern society: sewage, and this doesn't even take into account the wastes generated in the production and transportation of the food that was eaten.
# Waste disposal is a problem that increasingly demands the attention of scientists, engineers, policy makers, and the general public.
Classification of Wastes according to their Effects on Human Health and the environment
Hazardous wastes:
The term hazardous waste comprises all toxic chemicals, radioactive materials, and biologic or infectious waste.
Non-hazardous: Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically
Classification of Wastes according to their Properties
Bio-degradable:
Typically originating from plant or animal sources, which may be broken down by other living organisms. Some Waste that can be broken down by other living organisms, that may be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable: Cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, Styrofoam containers and others)
Integrated Waste Management (IWM): The dominant concept today in managing waste is known as the integrated waste management (IWM), which is best defined as a set of management alternatives including the 3R’s (reduce, recycle, reuse) of waste prevention, incineration, composting, and landfill. Objectives of IWM
Store, collect, transport, treat and dispose safely
Prevent pollution
Avoid threat to public health
Minimise harm to local environment
Improve amenity value of disposal sites.
Reduce, Recycle, Reuse
# The 3R’s of IWM are reduce, recycle, and reuse.
# The ultimate objective of the 3R’s is to reduce the amount of urban and other waste that must be disposed of in landfills, incinerators, or other waste management facilities.
• Reducing: means choosing to use items with care to reduce the amount of waste generated. This means to reduce the amount of garbage generate everyday. Try to buy items that are going to last longer so it does not have to buy them as often.
• Reusing: involves the repeated use of items or parts of items which still have usable aspects.
• Recycling: means the use of waste itself as resources
Open Dumps (Landfill)
In the past, solid waste was usually accumulated in open dumps, where the refuse was piled up without being covered or otherwise protected.
Although open dumps have been closed in recent years and new open dumps are discouraged, many are still being used worldwide.
Dumps have been located wherever land is available, without regard to safety, health hazards, and aesthetic degradation.
Common sites are natural low areas, such as swamps or floodplains; and hillside areas above or below towns. The waste is often piled as high as equipment allows.
In some instances, the refuse is ignited and allowed to burn. In others, the refuse is periodically leveled and compacted.
Hazardous Chemical Waste Management:
Hazardous wastes are waste materials that are toxic, caustic, acidic, explosive, infectious, or radioactive.
In the household context, such substances commonly come from cleansers and solvents, nail polish, paint, batteries, pesticides, and many other common household substances.
Even unused pharmaceuticals can become hazardous wastes if they are allowed to enter the natural environment.
About 70,000 chemicals are currently on the market. Although many of the chemicals have been beneficial to people, approximately 35,000 are classified as definitely or potentially hazardous to public health .
The US currently generates about 250 million metric tons of hazardous chemical waste per year, referred to more commonly as hazardous waste.
Secure Landfill
Many hazardous materials find their way into municipal landfills. But some landfills are specifically designed and engineered to contain hazardous materials. They are called secure landfills. A secure landfill for hazardous waste is designed to confine the waste to a particular location, control the leachate that drains from the waste, collect and treat the leachate, and detect possible leaks. The engineering features of secure landfills
are similar to those of sanitary landfills, but the leachate drainage and collection systems are more sophisticated, caps and liners are typically more substantial, and the concentration of monitoring wells around the perimeter of the facility may be much greater. In addition, most secure landfills host an on-site facility for the treatment of hazardous wastes. These facilities permit the chemical stabilization, neutralization, or incineration of the wastes so that as little hazardous material as possible will actually be landfilled. Some liquid hazardous wastes are disposed of by a technique called deep-well injection, in which toxic liquids are injected deep underground into an appropriate reservoir rock. This approach makes use of the natural geologic environment
to contain and isolate the wastes.
Wich way bangladesh should be there Waste Management
Wastes: are any unwanted or discarded material from residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural activities that may cause environmental problems.
# Every human activity generates waste.
# Even the simple act of eating results in one of the most challenging waste problems of modern society: sewage, and this doesn't even take into account the wastes generated in the production and transportation of the food that was eaten.
# Waste disposal is a problem that increasingly demands the attention of scientists, engineers, policy makers, and the general public.
Classification of Wastes according to their Effects on Human Health and the environment
Hazardous wastes:
The term hazardous waste comprises all toxic chemicals, radioactive materials, and biologic or infectious waste.
Non-hazardous: Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically
Classification of Wastes according to their Properties
Bio-degradable:
Typically originating from plant or animal sources, which may be broken down by other living organisms. Some Waste that can be broken down by other living organisms, that may be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable: Cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, Styrofoam containers and others)
Integrated Waste Management (IWM): The dominant concept today in managing waste is known as the integrated waste management (IWM), which is best defined as a set of management alternatives including the 3R’s (reduce, recycle, reuse) of waste prevention, incineration, composting, and landfill. Objectives of IWM
Store, collect, transport, treat and dispose safely
Prevent pollution
Avoid threat to public health
Minimise harm to local environment
Improve amenity value of disposal sites.
Reduce, Recycle, Reuse
# The 3R’s of IWM are reduce, recycle, and reuse.
# The ultimate objective of the 3R’s is to reduce the amount of urban and other waste that must be disposed of in landfills, incinerators, or other waste management facilities.
• Reducing: means choosing to use items with care to reduce the amount of waste generated. This means to reduce the amount of garbage generate everyday. Try to buy items that are going to last longer so it does not have to buy them as often.
• Reusing: involves the repeated use of items or parts of items which still have usable aspects.
• Recycling: means the use of waste itself as resources
Open Dumps (Landfill)
In the past, solid waste was usually accumulated in open dumps, where the refuse was piled up without being covered or otherwise protected.
Although open dumps have been closed in recent years and new open dumps are discouraged, many are still being used worldwide.
Dumps have been located wherever land is available, without regard to safety, health hazards, and aesthetic degradation.
Common sites are natural low areas, such as swamps or floodplains; and hillside areas above or below towns. The waste is often piled as high as equipment allows.
In some instances, the refuse is ignited and allowed to burn. In others, the refuse is periodically leveled and compacted.
Hazardous Chemical Waste Management:
Hazardous wastes are waste materials that are toxic, caustic, acidic, explosive, infectious, or radioactive.
In the household context, such substances commonly come from cleansers and solvents, nail polish, paint, batteries, pesticides, and many other common household substances.
Even unused pharmaceuticals can become hazardous wastes if they are allowed to enter the natural environment.
About 70,000 chemicals are currently on the market. Although many of the chemicals have been beneficial to people, approximately 35,000 are classified as definitely or potentially hazardous to public health .
The US currently generates about 250 million metric tons of hazardous chemical waste per year, referred to more commonly as hazardous waste.
Secure Landfill
Many hazardous materials find their way into municipal landfills. But some landfills are specifically designed and engineered to contain hazardous materials. They are called secure landfills. A secure landfill for hazardous waste is designed to confine the waste to a particular location, control the leachate that drains from the waste, collect and treat the leachate, and detect possible leaks. The engineering features of secure landfills
are similar to those of sanitary landfills, but the leachate drainage and collection systems are more sophisticated, caps and liners are typically more substantial, and the concentration of monitoring wells around the perimeter of the facility may be much greater. In addition, most secure landfills host an on-site facility for the treatment of hazardous wastes. These facilities permit the chemical stabilization, neutralization, or incineration of the wastes so that as little hazardous material as possible will actually be landfilled. Some liquid hazardous wastes are disposed of by a technique called deep-well injection, in which toxic liquids are injected deep underground into an appropriate reservoir rock. This approach makes use of the natural geologic environment
to contain and isolate the wastes.
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